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38 2018 INDUSTRY RESOURCE DIRECTORY FEMA's Guidelines for Special Events Contingency Planning FEMA publishes a manual for use by anyone planning or conducting a special event or mass gathering. The manual is intended to enable its users to ensure that adequate measures and systems are in place to prevent, reduce, and provide care for injuries, illness, and suffering that may occur. The manual is not intended to override any existing legislation or local emergency management procedures. Further, it does not seek to address the preparation of emergency response plans, but rather identifies the elements that should be considered by those responsible for planning and conducting events that attract large numbers of people. Even so, the FEMA-supplied ratios can be helpful to portable restroom operators dealing with local event planners, and serve as a point of reference in disaster planning. Following is the information published by FEMA in the most recent (2010) version of its Special Events Contingency Planning Manual regarding provision of toilets for special events. Toilets Where existing toilet facilities are judged inadequate, you must make available additional portable units. Toilet locations should be: • Well marked • Near hand-washing stations • Well lit (including the surrounding area) if night use is anticipated • Serviced (including pump-out of portables) on a 24-hour schedule during the event (vehicle access is obviously necessary) • Located away from food storage and food service areas • Secured to prevent tipping The following considerations will determine the number of toilets to be provided for particular events: • Duration of the event • Type of crowd • Weather conditions • Whether the event is pre-ticketed with the numbers of attendees known, or unticketed • Whether finishing times are staggered if the event has multifunctions • Whether alcohol will be consumed FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA) Virtually all nations and municipalities have disaster mitigation plans. Depending upon the nature of the crisis, portable sanitation and related portable services such as showers and laundries may play a role in serving a community in the process of recovery. Information in this section has been taken from various publications of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Visit www.fema.gov for more information. INDUSTRY RESOURCES IN EMERGENCY AND RECOVERY SITUATIONS